Estimating and Costing

Year: IV Semester: VII

Course Objectives:

1. To provide general and critical knowledge of estimation and costing of buildings and land.
2. To provide knowledge of estimation and costing of buildings, infrastructures, and other assets on land.
3. To train students to carry out fieldwork and office computations for estimation and costing of land.

Course Contents:

1. Introduction (4 hrs)

1.1 General
1.2 System of Units
1.3 Units of measurement and payments for items of work and materials
1.4 Requirement of estimating

2. Method of Estimating (4 hrs)

2.1 Methods of measurements of building and land assets
2.2 Subheads of various items
2.3 Various methods of taking out quantities
2.4 Abstracting bills of quantities

3. Preparation of Detailed Estimate (4 hrs)

3.1 Cost of items
3.2 Transportation cost, other expenses, and overheads
3.3 Contingency

4. Types of Estimates (5 hrs)

4.1 Approximate estimates
4.2 Detailed estimates
4.3 Revised estimates
4.4 Supplementary estimates
4.5 Annual repair or annual maintenance estimates
4.6 Complete estimates
4.7 Split up of cost of building works

5. Analysis of Rates (5 hrs)

5.1 Introduction
5.2 Purposes of rate analysis
5.3 Importance of rate analysis
5.4 Requirements of rate analysis
5.5 Factors affecting the rate analysis
5.6 Procedure of rate analysis:

• For building works
• For sanitary and water supply works
• For road works
• For irrigation works
• For suspension bridge works
  5.7 Cost of crops, free and other assets
  5.8 District rates

6. Detailed Estimate (10 hrs)

6.1 Estimate of walls
6.2 Estimate for a single-room building
6.3 Estimate for a two-room building
6.4 Estimate of earthwork by three methods
6.5 Estimate of an R.C.C pillar
6.6 Estimate of R.C.C. slab culvert
6.7 Estimate of R.C.C. T-Beam decking
6.8 Estimate of septic tank and soak pit

7. Detailed Valuation of Land (3 hrs)

7.1 Area of land
7.2 Soil quality
7.3 Access to road
7.4 Availability of drinking water
7.5 Availability of irrigation water
7.6 Valuation of tree crops and scenic view
7.7 Valuation of standing crop
7.8 Access to electricity and high-tension lines
7.9 Sewerage and drainage
7.10 Telephone and infrastructures
7.11 Good neighborhood
7.12 Access to market and security of the area
7.13 Comparison to land class

8. Estimation for Projects (10 hrs)

8.1 A double-storey residential building
8.2 A portion of roadway
8.3 A rural agricultural land
8.4 A residential plot
8.5 A non-agricultural land like a tourist resort plot
8.6 A valuation report of a property
8.7 Disaster resilience cost

Recommended Reading Books:

1. Amarjit Agarwal, Civil Estimating, Quantity Surveying and Valuation, Katson Publishing House, Ludhiana, 1985.
2. Seymour Berger and Jules Buddhi Godel, Estimating and Project Management for Small Construction Firms, Van Nostrand Reinhold Publishing Company, New York, 1977.

Examination Scheme

Model Questions

Very Short Questions [4×2 = 8]

1. Define estimate.
2. What is a bill of quantities?
3. What is contingency?
4. Explain detailed estimate.

Short Questions [8×4 = 32]

5. What are the essentials of a good estimate?
6. Distinguish between a bill of quantities and an abstract of estimate.
7. Explain overhead costs.
8. Distinguish between revised estimate and supplementary estimate.
9. What are the purposes of rate analysis?
10. How do you carry out the valuation of trees?
11. Carry out the estimate of a septic tank.
12. List out the contents of district rates for various materials.

Long Questions [2×10 = 20]

13. Estimate the quantities for a single-room building from the given figure.
14. Estimate the quantities of excavation and brick cement filling for the given figure.
    OR
    Describe the content and method of estimating district rates of materials and services.