TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYING
BEG……GE
Year: II Semester: III
| Teaching Schedule Hours/week |
Examination Scheme | Total Marks | |||||||
| Internal Assessment | Final | ||||||||
| Theory | Practical | Theory | Practical | ||||||
| L | P | Tu | Duration | Marks | Duration | Marks | |||
| 3 | 2/2 | 1 | - | - | 3 | 60 | - | 40 | 100 |
Lectures: 45 Hours
Exercise: 15 Hours
Year: II
Semester: III
Credit hrs.: 3
Full Marks: 100
Course Objectives
a) To provide modern up-to-date theoretical knowledge of topographical mapping using various methods and instruments. b) To train to carry out topographical field survey. c) To prepare topographical map, contour interpolation, and height representation by using different techniques.
Course Details
1. Introduction (5 hrs.)
- Basic Introduction
- Map Scale
- Scale Reduction and Enlargements
- Methods of relief representation
- Characteristics of Topographic maps
- Field procedure for Topographic mapping
2. Tacheometric Surveying (10 hrs.)
- Principles of optical distance measurement
- Stadia methods: tangential, vertical staff, horizontal bars, and sub tense bar
- EDM Tacheometry
- Booking and plotting: use of tables
- Sources of errors
- Instruction on field work
3. Total Station Technology (4 hrs.)
- Introduction
- Types of total station
- EDM and its principle
- Features and Application of Total Station
4. Contouring (4 hrs.)
- General
- Contour interval and characteristics of contours
- Method of contouring
- Field data recording
5. Toponymy and Typography (4 hrs.)
- Introduction
- Name Collection
- Transliteration
- Text size
- Text placement
- Text Effects
6. Map Elements (4 hrs.)
- Grid and Graticules
- Neatline
- Legend
- Title
- Map body
- Inset map
- Map History, etc.
7. Measurement on Map (10 hrs.)
- Location Length
- Bearings
- Area
- Volumes
- Profile, Sections
- Indivisibility
- Watershed lines
8. Digitation and Compilation of Field Data (4 hrs.)
- Scanning and digitization of topographical maps
- Labelling of features
- Digitization of field data
- Use of symbols
- Map layout, etc.
Exercise:
- Precise linear measurements by invar tape
- EDM observations for distance measurements
- Plotting of field data, contours, and interpolation
- Representation of height
Recommended Reading
- Plane and Geodetic Surveying, Vol. 1 & 2, D. Clark, London, UK
- Surveying, Vol. I – III, Dr. B. C. Punmia, A K Jain, and AK Jain, Laxmi Publishers (P) Ltd, New Delhi, India, Latest edition
- Lecture Notes
Final Examination Scheme
| Chapter | Very Short Question | Short Question | Long Question | Total Marks | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No of Questions | Marks | No of Questions | Marks | No of Questions | Marks | ||
| 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 4 | - | - | 6 |
| 2 | - | - | 1 | 4 | 1 | 10 | 14 |
| 3 | - | - | 1 | 4 | - | - | 4 |
| 4 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 4 | - | - | 6 |
| 5 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 4 | - | - | 6 |
| 6 | - | - | 1 | 4 | - | - | 4 |
| 7 | - | - | 1 | 4 | 1 | 10 | 14 |
| 8 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 4 | - | - | 6 |
| Total | 4 | 8 | 8 | 32 | 2 | 20 | 60 |
Model Questions:
Very Short Questions: [4*2=8]
- What is the scale of a map?
- What is a contour?
- What is EDM?
- List down the types of transformation.
Short Questions: [8*4=32]
- Explain the importance of Topographical Surveying.
- What are the different sources of errors in Total Station instruments? How would you minimize those errors?
- Write down the characteristics of contours.
- Explain the importance of geographical maps in Topographical maps.
- Define symbol. Explain the types of symbols used in topographical maps.
- How is a map different from a photograph?
- Explain the types of Ground Control Points.
- Write down the points to consider while digitizing field data.
Long Questions: [2*10=20]
- What are the main uses of maps? Explain how you can check intervisibility using topographical maps.
- Suppose you are selected as the Geomatics Engineer to prepare the topographical map of your Municipality/VDC. Explain how you would prepare a topographical map.