Spatial planning and Development
| Teaching Hours/week | Examination Scheme | Total Marks | ||||||||
| Internal | Final | |||||||||
| Theory | Practical | Theory | Practical | |||||||
| Cr | L | T | P | Duration | Marks | Duration | Marks | |||
| 3 | 3 | 1 | 40 | 3hrs | 60 | 100 | ||||
Year: IV Semester: VIII
A. Course Objectives
a. To provide knowledge on varied spatial planning tools and techniques
b. To learn to implement spatial planning and analysis tools to solve real-life problems
c. To get acquainted with web-based platforms for spatial planning and development
B. Course Content
1. Introduction [4 hours]
1.1 Definition and concept of Planning, elements of human settlement- role of man and society in the growth and decay of human settlements, planning objectives, benefits
1.2 Planning as interdisciplinary subject
1.3 Historical and traditional settlements, Urban and rural characters of settlements, squatter settlements -examples from Nepal
1.4 Concept of urban and rural settlement planning
2. Urban/City Planning (12 hrs)
2.1 Planning concepts
- Morphology of the city and social/economical/political and technological processes in city growth
- Introduction to theoretical models of planning contribution to planning thought- Sir Patric Gedds, Sir Ebenezer Howard, CA Perry, Le Corbusier, Doxiadis, Lewis Mumford-Relevance to Nepali Planning context
2.2 Development Plans
- Various types of plans- National plan-regional plan- master plan- structure plan-zonal development plan-local development plan -their general scope, content, planning process and planning guidelines
- Land-use Planning - comprehensive land use plan and its functions
- Subdivision and zoning byelaws
- Steps needed to develop land-use plan
2.3 Planning Practice in Nepal
- Historical over view on Nepalese Planning Practice-both Rural and Urban Planning
- Contemporary planning practice - comprehensive planning, participatory planning- examples
- Planning Institutions and Planning Issues
- NPC guide lines
3. Rural Planning [4 hours]
3.1 Concept of rural planning
- Rural planning, development planning, approaches to rural development, integrated rural development, urbanization and rural development, rural service centers
- Nepal's experience in rural development- growth axes and IRD
- Urbanization in Nepal and linkages to rural development (Urban Rural relations)
4. Spatial Analysis Techniques - I [6 hrs]
4.1 Spatial Interpolation
- Global Interpolation -- Trend Surface Models and Regression Models
- Local Interpolation - Thiessen Polygons, Density Estimation, Inverse Distance Weighted Interpolation, Thin-Plate Splines
4.2 Spatial Analysis Techniques - II
4.2.1 Geostatistics-Based Spatial Interpolation
-
Spatial Dependence and Semi-variogram, Kriging and its Types, Moving Average Model
4.2.2 Spatial Statistics and Modelling
-
Point-pattern, Geostatistics and Areal Analysis
-
Hotspot Analysis
5. Spatial Planning and Land [6 hrs]
5.1 Land Use Planning and Zoning, Principles, Regulations, and Guidelines for Zoning
5.2 Spatial Analysis in Land Use Planning, Land pooling
5.3 Land Information System
5.4 Geocoding and Segmentation
- Geocoding and its variations
- Segmentation, route, and event creation
- Applications of geocoding and segmentation
6. Applications of SPD [5hrs]
6.1 Environmental Management - Sustainable Development / Green Spaces Determination / Site Suitability Analysis
6.2 Infrastructure Development -- Roads / Expropriation / Utilities and Facilities / Urban Modelling
6.3 Disaster Risk Assessment
6.4 Decision Support System
7. Modern Tools (5 hrs)
Web GIS and Mobile GIS for spatial planning
- Introduction
- Open-Source GIS, Distributed GIS, Free and Open-Source Software
- Geoserver, XML, GML, SLD, WMS, WFS, WCS
- Building Web Maps and Applications
- Mobile GIS Technologies
- Real-time GIS Applications
8. Global Map [3 hrs]
8.1 Introduction, Objectives and Significance
8.2 International Steering Committee for Global Mapping (ISCGM)
8.3 Global Map Layers and Usage
8.4 Inception and Completion of the Global Map Project
Exercise:
Exercise related to 7
Recommended Reading and Reference Books
- Arthor B. Gallion and Simon Frasirer Introduction to Geographic Information System, Kang-Tsung Chang, 9th Edition, McGraw Hill Education1."The Urban pattern" - City planning and Design
- Paul D. Spreiragen "Urban Design"
- The Architecture of towns and cities
- Wolfgang Korn, "The Traditional Architecture of Kathmandu Valley"
- McGrow Hill the Dewberry Companies, Land Development Handbook - Planning, Engineering and Surveying, 2002
- Urban Planning Guide, American Society of Civil Engineers, 1969
- Intergraded spatial planning UNDP 2023
- Murat Ozyavuz, New Approaches to Spatial Planning and Planning system, 2019
Examination Scheme
| Chapter | Very short questions | Short questions | Long questions | Total marks | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of questions | Marks | No. of questions | Marks | No. of questions | Marks | ||
| 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 4 | - | - | 6 |
| 2 | - | - | 1 | 4 | 1 | 10 | 14 |
| 3 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 4 | - | - | 6 |
| 4 | - | - | 2 | 8 | - | - | 8 |
| 5 | - | - | - | - | 1 | 10 | 10 |
| 6 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 4 | - | - | 6 |
| 7 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 4 | - | - | 6 |
| 8 | - | - | 1 | 4 | - | - | 4 |
| Total | 8 | 8 | 8 | 32 | 2 | 20 | 60 |
Model Question
Attempt all questions unless otherwise specified.
Very Short Questions [2*4 = 8]
- What is the difference between Geostatistics and Areal analysis in Spatial Interpolation?
- Define geocoding and mention one application of geocoding
- Briefly mention how a good spatial planning play a crucial role in decision making can
- What was the reason behind the inception of the concept of global mapping?
Short Questions [4*8 = 32]
- Explain the two types each of global and local interpolation techniques for spatial interpolation
- Considering you are given an annual air pollution data of Kathmandu Valley. Assuming auxiliary data, explain how you will use them to perform the hotspot analysis of the valley
- What is land information system and explain why is it important?
- Define dynamic segmentation and explain its significance in GIS
- Consider, I must propose to the local authority suitable sites for establishing new parks in my municipality. Suggest me what sort of data I need and how I can weigh out the relative importance of each of them so that I can determine the top three suitable sites in my municipality
- Write short notes of Free and Open-Source Software
- What do you think are the significant application areas of mobile and real-time GIS?
- What is global mapping and mention all the global map layers
Long Questions [10*2 = 20]
- Explain the mechanism behind each of the local interpolation methods
- Discuss the importance of Land Information System (LIS) in contemporary rural and urban development. Highlight the key components of LIS, its significance in land management and sustainable development practices. Also include relevant specific examples of LIS implementation in Nepal and elaborate the challenges and probable solutions associated with its effective implementation
OR
Define Geoserver. Explain how the OGC standards have been aiding in accessing, processing, and visualizing geospatial data in a distributed GIS environment