TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYING - 2

BEG……

Year: II Semester: IV

Lectures: 45 Hours
Exercise: 15 Hours
Year: II
Semester: IV
Credit hrs.: 3
Full Marks: 100

Course Objectives

a) To provide modern up-to-date theoretical knowledge of topographical mapping using various methods and instruments. b) To provide theoretical knowledge of international boundary survey, subsurface and mining survey, and hydrographic survey. c) To train to carry out mining survey and hydrographic survey.

Course Detail

1. Boundary Survey (9 hrs.)

• Introduction
• Boundary types: land, riverine, maritime
• International boundary
• Treaty
• Demarcation
• Delineation
• Protocol
• Maintenance

2. Subsurface Surveying (9 hrs.)

• Introduction
• Horizontal and vertical control networks
• Control and survey methods (gyroscope and other methods)
• Mine surveying
• Underground and Subsurface Mapping

3. Hydrographic Survey (9 hrs.)

• Elements of oceanography
• Tides and water levels
• Principle of underwater acoustics
• Marine positioning: shore-based and satellite-based radio navigation systems, optical methods
• Dead reckoning system
• Underwater positioning integrated positioning systems

4. Depth Determination (9 hrs.)

• Introduction
• Charting of lakes and riverine areas
• Ship-borne echo-sounding and mechanical methods
• Related corrections

5. Automatic Height Measurement (9 hrs.)

• Satellite, airborne laser, and electromagnetic methods
• Terrestrial laser system

Exercise:

• Measuring depth of river or lake
• Use of Remote Sensing for above surveys

Recommended Reading and Reference Books

1. Admiralty Manual of Hydrographic Surveying, Vol. One
2. High Resolution Site Survey, R. Parkinson, 2004, Book Navs. Inc
3. Hydrographic Surveying for Surveyors & Engineering, A.E. Ingham, V.J. Abbott
4. Guidance Note QGN19 Mine Surveying and Drafting Mining and Quarrying Safety and Health Act 1999 (Qld), June 2011
5. International Boundary Making (opens in a new tab), Commission 1, FIG Report 2013 Publication 59
6. International Boundary on Unstable Ground, FIG Pub. 79
7. Planning Land 3-D Seismic Survey, S.H. Cordsen, N. Galbraith, J. Pries, B.A. Hardware
8. Mineral Land Surveying, J. Underhill
9. Lecture Notes

Final Examination Scheme

Model Questions

Very Short Questions: [2*2=4]

1. Define the following: a. Boundary Treaty b. Open Cast Mining
2. Describe the use of the following: a. International Boundary Survey b. Multi-beam Echosounder

Short Questions: [8*4=32]

1. What is oceanography? Describe the main elements of oceanography.
2. How do you determine the mean sea level using tide gauges?
3. Describe the methods of determining the position of underwater vehicles using long baseline.
4. How do you establish control points on subsurface and check them?
5. Describe the method of determining the depth of water using LiDAR Survey Technique.
6. How do you determine the depth of water using remote sensing (multispectral image)?
7. List the main contents of underground mine maps.
8. Describe how the marine boundary is delineated.

Long Questions: [2*10=20]

1. List how boundary problems/disputes could be solved and demarcated.
2. Describe the methods of making sea maps (charts) using an echosounder.
   OR,
   How do you check the quality of underground control points?