ENGINEERING SURVEY

BEG……

Year: II Semester: IV

Lectures: 45 Hours
Exercise: 15 Hours
Year: II
Semester: IV
Credit hrs.: 3
Full Marks: 100

Course Objectives

a) To provide basic concepts of Engineering Survey. b) To provide theoretical and practical knowledge on basic civil construction and application of survey in engineering.

Course Content

1. Introduction (5 hrs.)

• Introduction to Engineering Survey
• Engineering Survey and its Stages
• Map Study
• Reconnaissance and Field procedure
• Preliminary and Detail survey

2. Route Surveying (10 hrs.)

• Introduction – Plan and Profiles
• Horizontal and vertical control
• Curves:
  • Types of curves
  • Method of horizontal curve layout (Simple circular, vertical curve, transition curves by different linear and angular methods)
  • Computation and staking of vertical curve
• Surveying of Transmission line, Pipeline, Road, Railway, Cable car, etc.
• Equipment for setting out
• Highway Surveys:
  • Highway alignment and controlling factors
  • Procedure for identifying best route location
• Setting out a pipeline, laying pipeline
• Setting out of buildings and structures

3. Areas and Volumes (8 hrs.)

• Introduction
• Method of measuring area of regular and irregular boundaries (Mid ordinate, average ordinate, Simpson's rule)
• Area of closed traverse (Double meridian distance method, coordinates method)
• Volumes by cross-section method (Average end area, mean area, Trapezoidal rule, Prismoidal formula)
• Volume from spot levels, contour plan

4. Hydrographic Surveying (10 hrs.)

• Introduction
• Applications and Uses of Hydrographic Surveying
• Steps in Hydrographic Surveying
• Depth determination, echo-sounding, and mechanical methods, and electromagnetic methods, related corrections
• Discharge Measurement
• River Profile and Cross Section
• Bridge Survey
• Gauge Station
• ERT and SRT Survey

5. Underground Survey (7 hrs.)

• Introduction
• Application of Underground Surveys
• Aligning the Theodolite
• Determination of Azimuth by Gyroscope
• Weisbach Triangle
• Problems in Underground Survey

6. Basic Civil Engineering (5 hrs.)

• Introduction
• Civil Engineering Structures
• Buildings: Foundations and Superstructures
• Hydraulic Structures (Dams, Weirs, Barrages, Aqueduct, Siphon, Penstock, Powerhouse, Tailrace, Canals, Falls, etc.)
• Roads and Bridges (Types and Components)
• Tunnels
• Water Supply, Sanitation (Intake, Reservoir, Pipelines, Sewage lines, Stormwater drains)

Exercise:

1. Design the survey works and set out engineering works like buildings, roads, pipelines, etc.
2. Draw profile and sections, calculate area and volumes of irregular boundaries.
3. Discharge measurement of a stream using the Velocity-Area Method.

Recommended Reading and Reference Books

1. A Textbook of Surveying and Levelling, R. Agor, Khanna Publishers
2. Construction, Surveying and Layout, A Field Engineering Methods Manual, W.G. Crawford, 2003, Creative Construction Publication
3. Construction, Surveying and Layout, P. Stuts
4. Fundamentals of Surveying, S.K. Roy, Published by Asoke K. Ghosh, Prentice-Hall of India India Pvt. Ltd, 1999
5. Surveying, Vol. I – III, Dr. B.C. Punmia, A.K. Jain, Laxmi Publishers (P) Ltd., New Delhi, India, Latest edition
6. Route Surveying and Design, C.F. Meyer and D.W. Gibson, 1980, Harper Collins Publication
7. Lecture Slides/Notes

Final Examination Scheme

Model Questions

Very Short Answers: [4*2=8]

1. Define Engineering Survey.
2. Explain in short Plan, Profile, and Cross-Section drawings.
3. Write on coordinate method for area measurement of closed traverse.
4. What is hydrographic surveying?

Short Answers: [8*4=32]

1. Define Topographic Surveying. What are its main uses?
2. Discuss setting out works using modern equipment.
3. Differentiate between Surface Surveying and Underground Surveying.
4. What are the various methods of measuring the area of irregular boundaries? Describe in brief.
5. Discuss the Velocity-Area method of measuring flow.
6. Define Sounding. Describe in brief the equipment required for sounding.
7. Define Foundation and Superstructure. Discuss the types of foundation.
8. How are roads in Nepal classified according to Nepal Road Standard 2070?

Long Answers: [2*10=20]

1. Define Highway Alignment. What are the requirements of an ideal alignment? List the factors affecting the selection of road alignment.
2. Define Route Surveying. Describe the various operations conducted in route surveying?